Early Initiation of Oral Therapy With Cyclosporine and Eltrombopag for Treatment Naive Severe Aplastic Anemia (SAA)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Summary
Background: Severe aplastic anemia (SAA) is a rare and serious blood disorder. It causes the immune system to turn against bone marrow cells. Standard treatment for SSA is a combination of 3 drugs (Cyclosporine \[CsA\], Eltrombopag \[EPAG\], and horse anti-thymocyte globulin \[h-ATG\]). Researchers want to see if starting people at a lower dose of CsA with EPAG before giving them h-ATG is helpful. Objective: To learn if early initiation of oral therapy with CsA and EPAG is safe and effective in people who have SAA and have not been treated with a course of immunosuppressive therapy and EPAG. Eligibility: People ages 3 and older with SAA Design: Participants will be screened with: * medical history * physical exam * electrocardiogram * blood tests * family history * bone marrow biopsy * current medicines. Participants may be screened remotely via telephone conference. Participants will take a lower oral dose of CsA and EPAG. They will take CsA twice a day for 6 months. They will take EPAG for 6 months. Those who cannot visit the NIH Clinical Center within 72 hours will start taking the drugs at home. They will have weekly telephone calls with NIH staff until they visit the Clinical Center. Participants may get h-ATG at the Clinical Center for 4 days. For this, they will have a central line placed. It is a plastic tube inserted into a neck, chest, or arm vein. Participants will repeat most screening tests throughout the study. Participants will have follow-up visits at the Clinical Center at 3 months, 6 months, and annually for 5 years after the start of the study....
Description
Severe aplastic anemia (SAA) is a life-threatening bone marrow failure characterized by pancytopenia and a hypocellular marrow. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is curative in younger patients, but older age and/or lack of a suitable donor have limited application of this procedure. As an alternative to transplant, immunosuppressive treatment (IST) has provided durable remissions and similar long term survival \[1\]. Approximately 2/3 of patients who receive IST with horse anti-thymocyte globulin (h-ATG) and cyclosporine (CsA) have blood count recovery, but 25-30% do not respond and 30-4…
Eligibility
- Age range
- 3–99 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- No
* INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Age \>= 3 years old 2. Weight \>12Kg 3. Severe aplastic anemia: * Bone marrow cellularity \<30% (excluding lymphocytes) AND At least two of the following: * Absolute neutrophil count \<500/microliter * Platelet count \<20,000/microliter * Absolute reticulocyte count \<60,000/microliter EXCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Known diagnosis or high suspicion of Fanconi anemia or other constitutional marrow failure syndrome 2. Evidence of a clonal disorder on cytogenetics performed within 12 weeks of study entry involving chromosome 7 or complex karyotype. Patient will n…
Interventions
- DrugEltrombopag
Between 12 and 17yo (adult dose of 150mg) Between 6 and 11yo (75 mg) Between 3 and 5 yo (2.5 mg/kg)
- DrugCyclosporine
Day 1 to start of h-ATG: 2mg/kg/day by mouth (All subjects) Start of h-ATG to Month 6: 3 mg/kg/dose by mouth administered every 12 hours (12yo and above) 6 mg/kg/dose by mouth administered every 12 hours (less than 12yo) Month 6 to Month 24: Dosing to be adjusted based on response
- DrugHorse-Anti-thymocyte-Globulin
h-ATG at a dose of 40 mg/kg/day for 4 days (intravenously for approximately 4 hours daily) Note: Omitted in patients who have achieved a complete response at the initial NIH visit after initiating oral treatment remotely
Location
- National Institutes of Health Clinical CenterBethesda, Maryland