Inflammatory and Glutamatergic Mechanisms of Sustained Threat in Adolescents With Depression: Toward Predictors of Treatment Response and Clinical Course
University of California, Los Angeles
Summary
Despite the prevalence and significant public health concern over depression among adolescents, up to 40% of depressed adolescents do not respond to first-line antidepressants (herein termed treatment non-response, TNR). The goal of this project is to recruit and assess 160 treatment-seeking depressed adolescents and test whether acute stress impacts peripheral levels of inflammation and downstream levels of glutamate in corticolimbic regions previously associated with depression, whether these stress-related biomarkers predict TNR to a 12-week trial of either fluoxetine or escitalopram, and whether these stress-related biomarkers predict 18-month clinical course.
Description
Despite the prevalence and public health significance of depression, up to 40% of depressed adolescents do not respond to first-line antidepressants (i.e., serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors \[SSRIs\]). Adolescents with treatment non-response (TNR) are at high risk for physical and mental health difficulties associated with ineffectively treated depression, including cardiovascular disease and suicide. Thus, identifying the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie TNR in adolescents is a critical step toward optimizing treatment plans for those who do not respond to first-line treatments.…
Eligibility
- Age range
- 14–21 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- No
Inclusion Criteria: * DSM-V criteria for a depressive disorder * All sexes and genders * All ethnicities * Ages 14-21 * Postpubertal (Tanner stage \> 3) * No medications that will interfere with the study (including antidepressants, mood stabilizers, hormone supplements, steroids, etc.) for at least 2-6 weeks (depending on exact medication) * Currently being seen by a clinician who will treat the participant with fluoxetine or escitalopram * The ability to provide assent, understand, and complete all study procedures * Caregiver consent (if applicable) Exclusion Criteria: * Primary mental h…
Interventions
- BehavioralTrier Social Stress Test (TSST)
In this mechanistic study, all participants will undergo a modified version of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), which is a well-validated psychosocial stress paradigm, adapted for adolescents that involves no deception and is considered a very mild stressor. The TSST comprises of two stress tests: a 5-minute arithmetic task and a 5-minute speech task. Due to repeated testing of the TSST, participants will be randomized to one task at T1 and complete the second task at T2 (counterbalanced design). Every 5 minutes, participants will provide ratings of their mood using a visual analogue scale (1-10) of eight mood states (Afraid, Confused, Sad, Angry, Energetic, Tired, Happy, and Tense) that will be used as potential behavioral responses to social stress. Glutamate and inflammation outcomes will be examined acutely and from T1 and T2.
Location
- University of California, Los AngelesLos Angeles, California