Duke University
The goal of this research study is to optimize the parameter of Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Stimulation (LIFUS) that is most effective in changing cortical excitability and motor learning skills in patients who suffered a stroke. The researchers hope to answer two questions. * with increasing power, would LIFUS be more effective? * with the same power, what LIFUS timing is the best For Aim 1, the study will compare 8, 4 W/cm\^2 to a zero(sham) stimulation to see if higher power is the better. For Aim 2, the study will compare 500 vs 1000 vs 2000 Hz "timing" to see which one is better.
Inclusion Criteria: * age \>=21 years old of any gender or race * First-ever ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke (neuroimaging verified) at least 6 months from the stroke onset of symptoms * Unilateral arm weakness measured by the Fugl-Meyer Upper-Extremity Scale ≤ 62/64 * Inducible resting motor threshold and testing motor threshold recorded from an affected upper extremity muscle Exclusion Criteria: * Bilateral strokes (infarcts and/or hematoma) * Other co-existent neuromuscular disorders affecting upper extremity motor impairment * History of medically uncontrolled depression or other neurops…
A low-intensity focused ultrasound stimulation
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