Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
This project examines the effects of various durations of noninvasive neuromodulation on muscle contractions. The investigators believe this study will help to better understand noninvasive brain stimulation techniques that may have the potential to aid in addiction, pain, and mental health issues. Participants undergo structural imaging, a functional Magnetic Resonance Image (fMRI) and computed tomography (CT). These images are used to align the low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) devices to temporarily change brain activity. Electromyography (EMG) will be used to record muscle contractions of the hand.
Inclusion Criteria: * Above criteria and must understand and speak English. Exclusion Criteria: * Contraindications to MRI, CT, or TMS 1. Claustrophobia 2. Pacemaker, aneurysm clips, neurostimulators, cochlear implants, metal in eyes, steel worker, or other implants. 3. Pregnancy 4. Active medical disorder or treatment with potential CNS effects 5. History of neurologic disorder 6. History of head injury resulting in loss of consciousness for \>10 minutes 7. History of alcohol or drug dependence
LIFU application using various durations, responses of neuromodulation recorded using TMS and EMG.
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