Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota
Observational, within subject study design with 1 pre and 2 post-fire exposure biomarker samples collected to assess exposure to toxicants from combustion emissions related to fighting a structural fire.
Inclusion Criteria: * Firefighter (career or volunteer) * Over 18 years of age * Able to provide written voluntary consent Exclusion Criteria: * Unwilling to provide a pre and post-exposure urine sample * Current cancer diagnosis * Tobacco use within the last 1 year (verified by urinary TNEs)
This study will involve three sample collections including buccal cells and urine samples