University of Oklahoma
The goal of this clinical trial is to determine whether a ketone supplement with carbohydrates extends time to fatigue during cycling compared with a carbohydrate-only supplement in healthy, trained cyclists aged 18-55. The main questions it aims to answer are: Is the time to fatigue increased with ketone supplementation and carbohydrates compared to carbohydrates alone? Will ketone supplementation with carbohydrates produce lower blood lactate concentrations compared to carbohydrates alone? Participants will: * Perform a staged maximal cycling exercise test on a stationary bicycle. * Finger prick to obtain a drop of blood for lactate measurements. * Wear a mask connected to a metabolic cart to measure breath contents. * Perform a cycling exercise test to fatigue for at least one hour. * Consume either a ketone supplement with carbohydrates or a carbohydrate supplement during the exercise at least 4 times. * Finger prick to obtain a drop of blood to measure blood lactate, ketones, and glucose.
The significance of this study is to address gaps in the literature by investigating the combined effects of R-1,3-Butanediol and carbohydrate supplementation on cycling performance during steady-state exercise above the lactate threshold. Participants include: 1. Trained cyclists ages 18-55 1. ≥ 6 hours of cycle training per week. 2. Above average VO2max for their age range per ACSM guidelines. 2. The sample is drawn from the University of Oklahoma, local cycling events in Oklahoma, and local bicycle shops. There will be a total of three visits, lasting approximately one hour and sep…
Inclusion Criteria: * Highly trained males and females * Ages 18-55 * Greater than or equal to six hours of cycling training per week * Participants from the University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma cycling teams, and local cycling races in Oklahoma. Exclusion Criteria: * Cardiovascular disease * Respiratory disease * Gastrointestinal disease * Metabolic disease * Kidney disease * Neurological disease * Pregnancy
30-gram carbohydrate beverage with 5 grams of R-1,3-Butanediol every 30 minutes of experimental visit
30-gram carbohydrate beverage with bitter flavoring
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