Effects of an 8-Week Pickleball Intervention on Sensorimotor Function, Sleep, Depressive Symptoms, and Core Autism Features in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Feasibility Trial With a Delayed-Control Design
Penn State University
Summary
The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if an 8-week, community-based pickleball program can improve sensory-motor function and reduce the severity of core autism symptoms in adults ages 18-45 with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who can participate independently without a caregiver. The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. Does participating in the pickleball program improve sensory-motor function (including visual-motor integration and proprioceptive bias), measured using the HaptiKart task and a pickleball skill assessment? 2. Does participating in the pickleball program reduce core autism symptom severity, measured by the Social Responsiveness Scale, 2nd edition (SRS-2)? Researchers will compare an early-start pickleball group to a delayed-start control group (who continues usual activities at first) to see if the pickleball program leads to greater improvements in sensory-motor outcomes and ASD symptom severity. Participants will: * Complete an in-person baseline visit at a local public library to provide written consent, complete surveys (SRS-2, PROMIS Depression and Sleep measures, and WHOQOL-BREF), and complete a video game-based sensory-motor assessment (HaptiKart). * Be randomly assigned to either start pickleball classes immediately or after an initial delay period. * Attend pickleball classes twice per week for 8 weeks (90 minutes per class; 16 sessions total), led by trained instructors at community indoor court facilities. * Continue their usual activities during periods when they are not assigned to pickleball classes. * Complete a brief pickleball skill assessment during the intervention period at their first and last class. * Complete follow-up assessments after each phase of the study to repeat surveys and sensory-motor testing. * Participants will also wear a small activity monitor (ActiGraph) during pickleball sessions to measure in-class physical activity levels, and complete brief online check-ins about safety/injury and program feedback during the intervention period.
Description
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with sensory-motor impairments that can impact everyday functioning. Prior research suggests that disrupted visual-motor integration and altered sensory weighting (e.g., greater reliance on proprioceptive input relative to visual input) may relate to the severity of core autism symptoms. The current study evaluates whether a structured, community-based pickleball program can serve as a practical and scalable behavioral intervention to modify these sensory-motor mechanisms and improve outcomes in autistic adults. Study Design This study is a two-ar…
Eligibility
- Age range
- 18–45 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- No
Inclusion Criteria: * Aged 18-45 years * Clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) * Able to participate in group-based activities without caregiver support * Able to understand English and independently communicate without assistance * Available for at least two sessions per week for the intervention dates * Access to reliable transportation to the intervention site * Able to provide informed consent (i.e., no legally authorized representative) * Pre-exercise screening indicates medical clearance is not needed, based on ACSM guidelines Exclusion Criteria: * Clinical diagnosis of…
Interventions
- BehavioralPickleball Program (Community-Based)
Group-based beginner-friendly pickleball classes delivered in community indoor court facilities. Sessions occur twice per week for 8 weeks (16 sessions total), approximately 90 minutes per session, led by trained instructors.
Location
- Penn State HarrisburgMiddletown, Pennsylvania