University of Miami
To deliver a 30-minute binaural beats audio intervention in PACU and collect pain and anxiety outcomes immediately following surgery, and 4 hours following surgery completion in adults undergoing ambulatory total knee arthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty (TKA and THA).
Inclusion Criteria: * American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification System (ASA) 1-3 * Spinal anesthesia * Patients receiving nerve-block in Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) * Primary total hip or total knee arthroplasty Exclusion Criteria: * Moderate-severe hearing impairment or use of hearing aids * History of significant tinnitus, active delirium, chronic high-dose opioid therapy (\>60 MME/day baseline) * Major psychiatric pathology * General anesthesia
30-minute binaural beats audio session targeting 400 and 410 hertz (Hz) alpha 400 hertz (Hz) in one ear 410 hertz (Hz) in other ear frequency delivered through standardized headphones in the PACU.
Usual postoperative care in addition to patient-selected music using standardized headphones
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