University of California, San Diego
This study is a confirmatory, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial (RCT) testing whether gamma EEG neurofeedback (EEG-NFB) improves working memory in adults with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Participants are randomly assigned to receive either active gamma EEG-NFB (real-time feedback of frontal gamma brain activity) or sham EEG-NFB (false pre-recorded feedback), twice weekly for 12 weeks. Working memory (N-back task), brain gamma coherence, and everyday community functioning are assessed at baseline, mid-treatment, end of treatment, and follow-up.
Schizophrenia is associated with deficits in gamma frequency (30-45 Hz) neural synchrony and working memory that are resistant to antipsychotic treatment. EEG neurofeedback (EEG-NFB) targeting frontal gamma coherence is a non-invasive approach that may restore gamma synchrony and improve working memory by reinforcing endogenous neural oscillations in real time. This confirmatory RCT builds on a successful pilot trial (R33) demonstrating feasibility and preliminary efficacy of gamma EEG-NFB in schizophrenia. Participants (N=104) are randomized 1:1 to active gamma EEG-NFB or sham EEG-NFB. Activ…
Inclusion Criteria: * 1\. DSM-5 diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, confirmed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5) 2. Age 18-55 years 3. Clinically stable: no psychiatric hospitalization in the 3 months prior to enrollment 4. No change in antipsychotic medication type or dosage within 4 weeks prior to baseline assessment 5. Ascertained to be clinically and medically stable by a study investigator 6. Does not meet DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder or current major depressive episode 7. No electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) within 6 months of bas…
Gamma EEG neurofeedback delivered via CGX/Cognionics wireless headset (FDA cleared for research use). Active arm receives real-time gamma coherence feedback; sham arm receives pre-recorded feedback unrelated to own brain activity.
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