Medical University of South Carolina
This study investigates the causal effects of low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) on odor valence perception and odor-elicited avoidance behaviors in healthy adults. Participants undergo sham and active tFUS targeting the amygdala (AMYG) and ventral striatal olfactory tubercle (VSOT) in a within-subject, randomized, sham-controlled crossover design. Outcomes include subjective odor ratings and objective neurophysiological and behavioral indices of odor valence processing. This research is exploratory and mechanistic in nature and is not intended to evaluate clinical safety or therapeutic efficacy.
Inclusion Criteria: * Age 18-65 years * Healthy adult volunteers * Normal olfactory function (Sniffin' Sticks total TDI ≥ 30.75) * Ability to provide informed consent * English fluency sufficient for task completion Exclusion Criteria: * MRI or tFUS contraindications (e.g., metal implants, claustrophobia, pregnancy) * Sinonasal conditions affecting airflow or smell * Current use of medications that alter olfaction * Positive urine drug screen
non-invasive brain stimulation using tFUS
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