Mayo Clinic
The purpose of this research is to determine whether a simple technique, temporarily raising the arm during the injection of propofol (a commonly used medication for anesthesia), can reduce the pain that some people experience when the medication is given through an IV. The study will compare this technique with the current standard approach of using lidocaine (a numbing medication), as well as a combination of both methods, to determine which approach is most effective at reducing injection pain.
Inclusion Criteria: * ASA I-III * 18G or 20G dorsal hand working IV in place (drip by gravity) * Planned IV propofol infusion with natural airway * Able to provide consent * Able to report pain * English-speaking Exclusion Criteria: * Allergy to propofol/lidocaine * Significant cognitive impairment/acute psychosis * Any sedative medications given prior to the study * Pregnancy * Severe upper-extremity mobility limitation that prevents safe arm elevation * Emergency medical condition; (e.g. GI bleeding, sepsis, acute heart or respiratory failure) * Chronic pain syndrome with chronic opioid u…
The cannulated arm is passively elevated approximately 60 to 90 degrees at the start of propofol injection and maintained briefly during and immediately after the injection before being returned to heart level.
Normal saline 0.9%, 2 mL, administered intravenously as sham lidocaine before propofol injection.
Lidocaine 2%, 2 mL, administered intravenously before propofol injection.
Standard LCT propofol administered as a standardized subanesthetic test dose, calculated as one-quarter of a 2.5 mg/kg induction dose using total body weight up to BMI 30 or ideal body weight above BMI 30, with a maximum study dose of 50 mg.
The contralateral non-IV arm is elevated while the cannulated arm remains neutral.
Arctuva estimate
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