Kanokwan Bunsawat
The goal of this clinical trial is to examine whether empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, improves vascular and autonomic function in adults with prehypertension. The main questions this clinical trial aims to answer are: 1. Does empagliflozin improve endothelial function? 2. Does empagliflozin improve sympathetic nervous system function? This clinical trial employs a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study lasting up to 6 weeks for participants with prehypertension and up to 2 weeks for normotensive participants. Participants with prehypertension will take empagliflozin or placebo for 2 weeks, separated by a 2-week washout. Normotensive participants will complete baseline, pre-treatment visits only and will serve as a control group.
Prehypertension is recognized clinically as a precursor to hypertension, an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Vascular and sympathetic nervous system dysfunction are non-traditional risk factors contributing to increased CVD risk that are mediated, in part, by systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Targeting vascular and sympathetic nervous system function represents a therapeutic strategy for mitigating CVD risk in prehypertension. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (e.g., empagliflozin) have emerged as a transformative therapeutic class with rob…
Inclusion Criteria * Midlife and older (\>/= 45-75 yrs) males and females * Body mass index 18-35 kg/m2 * Able to give informed consent Blood Pressure Status: Normotensive (control group) * Systolic (\<120 mmHg) and Diastolic (\<80 mmHg) Prehypertension (experimental group) * Systolic (120-129 mmHg) and Diastolic (\<80 mmHg) Exclusion Criteria * Age \<45 and/or \>75 yrs * BMI \>35 kg/m2 * Blood pressure: Systolic (\>130 mmHg) and Diastolic (\>80 mmHg) * Anti-hypertensive therapy * Type 2 diabetes (blood glucose \>126 mg/dL or HbA1c \>6.2%) * Currently prescribed SGLT2i medication * Curre…
Oral ingestion for 2 weeks
Oral placebo for 2 weeks.
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