University of Rochester
Adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities may experience behavioral distress, sensory sensitivity, and difficulty tolerating dental procedures. This pilot randomized controlled trial will compare live music therapy delivered by a board certified music therapist with recorded music during non emergency dental procedures performed under local anesthesia. Approximately 50 participants will be enrolled to obtain 40 evaluable participants randomized in a 1:1 ratio. The study will evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of live music therapy and its preliminary effects on behavioral cooperation, procedural distress, physiological responses, completion of dental treatment without escalation to sedation, and procedure duration.
Inclusion Criteria: * Adults (≥18 years) with a documented I/DD, including Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Intellectual Disability, ADHD, or other DSM-5-defined neurodevelopmental conditions. * Frankl Behavioral Rating Scale score of Negative (3) or Definitely Negative (4) at baseline assessment. * English as primary language. * Scheduled for non-emergency dental procedure with local anesthesia. Exclusion Criteria: * Unwillingness to participate or refusal to provide informed consent * Legal inability to consent * Disinterest in or refusal of music therapy intervention * Scheduled for pharm…
Live music therapy will be delivered by a board certified music therapist before, during, and after the dental procedure as appropriate. Techniques may include live singing with guitar accompaniment, improvisation, music entrainment to breathing or heart rate, guided breathing synchronized with music, sung procedural cues, and participant engagement through instrument playing, singing, or vocal or instrumental improvisation. The intervention will be adapted in real time based on the participant's preferences, behavioral responses, physiological cues, and functional abilities.
Prerecorded music will be delivered through a portable Bluetooth speaker positioned within the dental operatory. Music will begin before administration of local anesthesia and continue throughout the procedure unless discontinued at the participant's request. Participants may select relaxation oriented music or a preferred available genre. Volume will be adjusted for participant comfort while maintaining communication with the dental team.
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